Institute for Understanding Sikhism
The Research Journal
Institute for Understanding Sikhism
The Research Journal

JOURNAL ARTICLES

2025, Volume: 27, Number: 1

Satguru Revealed: Exploring the Aad Guru Granth Sahib and the Connection to Jesus

Prof Devinder Singh Chahal, PhD

FEATURE ARTICLE:
ABSTRACT

The term "Satguru" (ਸਤਿਗੁਰ) appears approximately 2,577 times in the Aad Guru Granth Sahib, reflecting its profound significance in Sikh theology. Etymologically, "Satguru" (ਸਤਿਗੁਰ) is the combination of "Sat" (ਸਤਿ), meaning "truth" or "eternal existence," and "Guru" (ਗੁਰ), meaning "light" or "enlightenment" found in the Commencing Verse, commonly but erroneously referred to as the Mool Mantra or Manglacharan. This paper explores the meanings and implications of "Satguru" within the Aad Guru Granth Sahib. It examines the assigning of the title Satguru to Jesus and its implications on Sikh theology.

2025, Volume: 27, Number: 1

HEAVEN AND HELL - GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

Avtar Singh Dhaliwal, MD

FEATURE ARTICLE:
ABSTRACT

Heaven and Hell are two concepts in most religions that believe in the afterlife. They believe God judges the deeds of people, assigns heavenly awesome rewards for the good, and hellish punishment for the evil doers. These concepts revealed by religious prophets have been narrated in their holy scriptures. However, the Aad Guru Granth Sahib (AGGS), the sacred scripture of the Sikhs, does not conform to places like heaven or hell. Instead, it emphasizes that everybody faces the consequences of good and bad deeds during life on Earth. In Sikhism, humans have direct contact with the Supreme Entity and realize Its attributes to live righteously. As the old saying goes, “As you sow, so shall you reap”. These concepts to control good moral behavior are considered imaginative philosophy developed by the religious mentors for serving the self by creating a carrot and stick technique for gullible populations. Most religions believe in the metaphysical aspect of these concepts, whereas Sikhism considers it all earthly consequences of deeds performed during life. This paper will discuss the origin of these concepts, imaginative locations, inhabitants, selection criteria, and the imaginative physical form of heaven and hell.